Thomas Nelson Downs
(16th March 1867 - 12th September 1938)
Born in Garwin, Iowa. Raised in Montour and Marshalltown, Iowa. Pro manipulator and card and coin worker since 1883. World-famous 'King of Koins'. Retired comfortably in Marshalltown in 1912. SAM Hall of Fame.
Prolific innovator in coin magic. Invented "Back-and-Front Palm" (1884), "Click Pass" (by 1900), "Eureka Pass" (by 1900), "Downs Palm" (by 1902), "Edge Palm", "Coins to Glass" (by 1909), "Coin Star", "Downs Change" (1909), possibly "Estimation" (by 1909), "Dime and Penny Trick" (in 1917).